![]() Johnson continued his career in the RAF after the war and served in the Korean War before retiring in 1966 with the rank of air vice marshal. He flew 700 operational sorties and engaged enemy aircraft on 57 occasions, which included the destruction of 14 Messerschmitt Bf 109s □ and 20 Focke-Wulf Fw 190s □. Johnson was credited with 34 individual victories over enemy aircraft and seven shared victories during the Dieppe Raid, Combined Bomber Offensive, Battle of Normandy, Operation Market Garden, the Battle of the Bulge, and the Western Allied invasion of Germany. He took part in the offensive sweeps over German-occupied Europe from 1941 to 1944, almost without rest. He had been interested in aviation since his youth and applied to join the RAF, and although he was initially rejected on social and medical grounds, he was eventually accepted in August 1939. Johnson grew up and was educated in the East Midlands, where he qualified as an engineer. During the battle, 188 RAF pilots achieved the distinction of aces – about eight percent of the total involved.Īir Vice-Marshal James Edgar Johnson (9 March 1915 – 30 January 2001), nicknamed “Johnnie”, was a Royal Air Force (RAF) pilot and the Top British Ace of War. The individual actions of aces were then widely reported and celebrated, usually to provide the home front with a cult of the hero in what was otherwise a war of attrition. During the Second World War, German aces were colored by grandiose Nazi propaganda, although Luftwaffe pilots generally flew many more individual sorties than their Allied counterparts.ĭuring the Battle of Britain, RAF pilots claimed to have shot down about 2,600 German aircraft. Of 2,332 Allied pilots who flew fighters in the Battle, 38.90 percent could claim some success in terms of enemy aircraft shot down. The concept emerged in 1915 during World War I ( Adolphe Pégoud was the first person described by French newspapers as l’As after becoming the first pilot to down five German aircraft). ![]() HFS clients enjoy state-of-the-art warehousing, real-time access to critical business data, accounts receivable management and collection, and unparalleled customer service.A fighting ace, flying ace or air ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down at least five enemy aircraft during aerial combat. ![]() HFS provides print and digital distribution for a distinguished list of university presses and nonprofit institutions. ![]() MUSE delivers outstanding results to the scholarly community by maximizing revenues for publishers, providing value to libraries, and enabling access for scholars worldwide. Project MUSE is a leading provider of digital humanities and social sciences content, providing access to journal and book content from nearly 300 publishers. With warehouses on three continents, worldwide sales representation, and a robust digital publishing program, the Books Division connects Hopkins authors to scholars, experts, and educational and research institutions around the world. With critically acclaimed titles in history, science, higher education, consumer health, humanities, classics, and public health, the Books Division publishes 150 new books each year and maintains a backlist in excess of 3,000 titles. The division also manages membership services for more than 50 scholarly and professional associations and societies. ![]() The Journals Division publishes 85 journals in the arts and humanities, technology and medicine, higher education, history, political science, and library science. The Press is home to the largest journal publication program of any U.S.-based university press. One of the largest publishers in the United States, the Johns Hopkins University Press combines traditional books and journals publishing units with cutting-edge service divisions that sustain diversity and independence among nonprofit, scholarly publishers, societies, and associations. ![]()
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